Polar Climates
Dominated by cold, dry Arctic air masses (cA)
Some incursions of milder polar maritime (mP) in summer (e.g. North Atlantic Drift in Scandinavia).
Average temperature below 10ºC in warmest month
Above freezing 2 to 4 months
8 to 11 months with large negative radiation balance
1 to 4 months with large positive radiation balance
Annual precipitation low (60% as snow)